Facet joints are located at the back of the spine, where each vertebra connects to the one above and below. These joints help guide movement and prevent excessive motion of the spine. Like other joints in the body, they are lined with cartilage and surrounded by a capsule of fluid for smooth function.

When the cartilage breaks down or the joint becomes inflamed, it can cause localized pain as well as referred pain into nearby areas, such as the shoulders, buttocks, or thighs. This condition is often associated with arthritis, injury, or repetitive stress on the spine.

Facet Joint Syndrome can develop from several factors, including:

• Aging and arthritis – wear and tear that thins cartilage and stiffens joints

• Spinal degeneration – conditions like Degenerative Disc Disease can place added stress on facet joints

• Injury or trauma – accidents or repetitive movements that overload the joints

• Poor posture or ergonomics – long-term strain from sitting, standing, or lifting improperly

• Obesity – extra weight places additional pressure on the spine’s joints

Symptoms of Facet Joint Syndrome vary depending on which joints are affected but may include:

• Localized pain in the neck or lower back

• Stiffness, especially after periods of rest or in the morning

• Pain that worsens with twisting, bending, or arching the spine

• Referred pain into the buttocks, hips, or shoulders (but usually not past the knee or elbow)

• Tenderness over the affected joints