Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS)
CRPS most commonly affects the arms, legs, hands, or feet, but in some cases can spread to other areas. It is characterized by chronic, intense pain along with changes in skin color, temperature, and swelling. CRPS is categorized into two types:
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CRPS Type I: Occurs without confirmed nerve injury (formerly called Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy).
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CRPS Type II: Occurs after a distinct nerve injury (formerly called Causalgia).
Patients with CRPS may experience:
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Severe, burning, or throbbing pain in the affected limb
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Swelling and stiffness in joints
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Noticeable skin color and temperature differences between limbs
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Shiny or thin skin, abnormal hair or nail growth
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Muscle weakness or spasms
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Decreased mobility or difficulty using the affected area
While the exact cause is not fully understood, CRPS is believed to involve a malfunction of the sympathetic nervous system and abnormal inflammatory responses. Common triggers include:
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Fractures, sprains, or soft tissue injuries
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Surgery or prolonged immobilization
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Nerve damage or trauma
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Stroke or heart attack
Women are more likely to develop CRPS, particularly between ages 40 and 60.
Sympathetic nerve blocks involve injecting an anesthetic near the spine to block abnormal pain signals in the sympathetic nervous system. These blocks may provide temporary pain relief and can help confirm the diagnosis of CRPS. In some patients, repeated nerve blocks may provide longer-term benefits, reduce swelling, and improve mobility. Learn more about Sympathetic Nerve Blocks.
Spinal cord stimulation is an advanced therapy that uses a small implanted device to deliver mild electrical impulses to the spinal cord. These impulses interrupt pain signals before they reach the brain, helping reduce chronic pain. Patients typically undergo a short trial procedure to determine if SCS provides adequate relief before moving to permanent implantation. For many patients with CRPS, SCS can significantly improve quality of life and reduce the need for high-dose medications. Learn more about Spinal Cord Stimulation (SCS).
Fractures resulting from falls, accidents, or injuries in patients with weakened bones.
Spinal curvature or hunched posture resulting from collapsed vertebrae, which may be partially corrected with kyphoplasty.
